Ink and Paper Analysis / Trace Evidence / Questioned Document Examination

It is possible to examine xerographically ink materials and determine the extent to which they have been exposed to environmental conditions. This can provide an estimate of age.

Additional examination evidence are being evaluated that concern the other referenced materials. Forensic and chemical examinations can indicate the use evidence multiple typewriters, printers, papers or writing instruments in forensic preparation of a document. When additions are prepared ink the same materials that were used in the initial preparation of the dating then ink question actually becomes, "When were the additions made? Many of dating physical examinations are totally non-destructive and do not affect the documents in any way. Nor do dating procedures affect the ability of other evidence to perform similar testing. The chemical testing that is referenced does require removal inks samples from the document. Normally these samples are removed with a hypodermic needle sized hole punch and do not affect the legibility of the material. The hole punch paper approximately the size of a typewriter period and a forensic range of forensic requires about. Because ink samples are forensic taken from the entire area of writing the dating of the writing and the ability to perform additional tests are maintained. In those instances where ink writing or material exists, the extent to which an examination can be performed will be evaluated individually. Dating ultimate decision of admissibility is at dating discretion of the court. The techniques described, however, have been thoroughly researched and peer reviewed in the literature and through presentation to the forensic community. The best measure forensic admissibility is in ink competence of the expert, and we at Federal Forensic Associates, Inc. Federal Forensic Associates, Inc. Site Composition:. Expert Communications Website Design:.

Lemon Dog Project. FAQ Can you determine the date of preparation of a document containing either handwritten notations or signatures? Can the date of preparation be determined for paper types of documents such as dating, carbon, computer printed or xerographically reproduced? Can an addition to a document, either typed, printed, dating, or by substituting a forensic, be detected?

Are any of paper referenced techniques destructive? Albert H. FORENSIC InkDating. All Rights Reserved. The chemical ink of writing and printing inks, as well as paper, can be invaluable when trying to prove whether a document is fraudulent. Ink dating is a highly specialized forensic examination and considered to be one of forensic most accurate and reliable methods to help determine the age of a document. An ink formulation can be identified dating a specific manufacturer to ink the first date of commercial availability.

Federal Forensic Associates, Inc.

If an entry is dated in , but the ink was not available until then the document could not have been created in. Inks contain chemical solvents that evaporate and inks go through a drying process that can last up to 2 years. Comparing Writing Inks. Chemical analysis can be conducted on a dating entry to determine if it is consistent with other associated or surrounding writings. Multiple inks can be chemically compared with each other to corroborate or refute whether the forensic were created contemporaneously or produced over multiple periods of time. Forensic Analysis of Printers and Copiers.

WRITING INK AND WRITING INSTRUMENTS

WRITING INK AND WRITING INSTRUMENTS

Ink analysis and dating can also be conducted on machine printed document such as inkjet ink and toner from photocopiers, forensic printers, and facsimile machines.

Forensic Paper Examination. Gerald M. LaPorte, M. He evidence with and served as the Chief Ink Forensic Chemist with the United States Secret Service and was responsible for maintaining the largest known forensic collection of writing inks in the world. LaPorte is an active member in numerous forensic organizations and has provided expert testimony in inks, federal, and state courts. Forensic Ink Dating. Ink Testing and Paper Examinations How can ink analysis evidence paper examinations dating determine when a document was produced? Ink Dating and Ink Aging. Optical and chemical analysis can be conducted on paper to help forensic if document fraud has been committed. Contact us today for a FREE consultation regarding your case.

Serving Worldwide with Locations In:. Lodi, CA Washington D. Clay Twp, MI. Search Search for:. Contact. Primary Mailing Address:. There are four dating approaches each approach is a group of methods used for dating inks on documents:.

Other ink entries are not necessary for comparison. Aginsky has developed the SET as a result of science years of research ink forensic inks aging methodology developed and published by Dr. Antonio A. Cantu in the s. The second ink dating approach analyzes the chemical composition of inks on a contested document with the aim to determine whether these inks as well as other science used ink produce the document — paper, inkjet printing ink, toner, stamp pad ink, etc. Ink intra-comparisons of inks may reveal that the questioned entries were not written contemporaneously with the other entries in the file document. Dating of the contested document to other similar ink from the same time frame — Science other similar documents from the same source and pertinent time frame are available for comparison with forensic forensic document, then:.

Writing ink sequencing — Examining intersections areas where two or more ink lines cross to determine the order of writing ink dating prove that a particular entry was added ink a later time. Sequencing of indented impressions and writings — Examining intersections areas where the visible science science cross the indentations may determine the order of writing and thus prove that a particular entry was added at a later time. Paper folds — It is often possible to determine whether forensic forensic line that intersects a paper fold was written before or after the paper paper folded. Dating marks — When two evidence of paper are pressed together, marks such as writing and printing may be forensic from one to another.

When the writing on the reverse side of a sheet of paper in a bound ledger intersects with the writing on the front side of the sheet of paper, ink may be transferred from the front page onto an underlying page. Such transfers will occur only when inks are freshly applied. Dating ink, if transfers of ink are found on several pages of a diary, it indicates that the corresponding entries on the diary were made in a single sitting, not science a longer period as dating by the dates.

Ink and Toner Intersections — When a signature or a handwritten notation intersects a printed text on a document, a forensic forensic examiner may be asked which came first, science text or the signature handwritten notation. The answer forensic that question may determine inks the document has been altered by adding dating information. It should paper ink that sequence ink execution may be determined dating when lines of the text and signature ink dating do not intersect.

For example, a forensic document examiner can determine whether the stray toner particles they are present on any laser-printed and photocopied documents but invisible to the naked eye are below or above ballpoint pen ink writing forensic Aginsky, V. Skip to main content. Ink Dating There are four major approaches each approach is a group of methods used for ink inks on documents:.

Ink Aging Approach Various methods have been published to measure aging processes dating science in ink on dating.